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| 相手方 | the other party, opponent (party), adverse party |
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| あらかじめ〜に対し機会を与えなければならない | must give his opponent, in advance, an opportunity to |
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| 明らか | to be clearly defined, clear, obvious, evident, unquestionably apparent |
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| 〜に | distinctly, clear, apparently, evidently |
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| 〜でない | to be uncertain, unknown, unclear |
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| 〜にする | to explain, specifically set forth, clarify |
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| 悪意 | bad faith, wrongful intent, mala fides (L.), malicious intention |
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| 〜又は重大な過失でなければ | unless there has been bad faith or gross negligence on his part. |
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| 〜をもって | with malicious intent, maliciously |
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| 宛名 | address |
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| 後の出願 | later application cf. earlier application |
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| 争う | to contest |
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