きキ
| 起案 | drafting, draft |
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| 起案日 | drafting date; cf. mailing date（発送日） |
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| 機会 | opportunity, chance |
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| （異議）に勝つ機会 | chance of winning (in opposition) |
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| その審決を東京高裁で取消しうるチャンスは高くない The chances of overturning the trial decision in the Tokyo High Court are not good |
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| 期間 | time limit, term, period, period of time |
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| 期間延長 | extension of the period [term] |
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| 期間内に | within the time limit |
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| 期間の経過 | lapse of period |
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| 期間満了 | expiration [completion] of a period |
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| 期間の計算 | calculation [computation] of the duration [period] |
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| 期間を延長する | to extend the time limit (for) |
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| 期間延長を請求する | to request an extension of the term (for) |
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| 期間を遵守する | to observe a time limit |
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| ２カ月の期間内に | within the two month term |
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| 期間の徒過 | non-observance of a term, default of term →期限 |
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| 技監 | Engineer-General (of the Patent Office) |
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| 棄却 | dismissal |
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| 訴えを決定により棄却 | The court dismissed the appeal by means of a ruling |
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| 棄却の申立 | motion to dismiss →却下 |
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| 期限 | time limit |
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| 応答期限 | time limit for response, period of response |
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| 回答期限延長願 | request for extension of time to respond to |
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| 期限をきる | limit[fix] a period |
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| 出訴期限 | time limit for instituting a suit, limitation of action |
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| 期限は３カ月延長できる | the time limit can be extended by [for] three months |
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| 出願 [補正] 期限 | time limit for filing [amendment] |
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| 記載 | description |
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| 記載不備による拒絶 | rejection based on inappropriate (or insufficient) description in the specification |
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| （明細書の）記載要件 | descriptive [description] requirement |
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| 記載する | to set forth, 例 クレーム３記載の方法 the process as set forth in claim 3 |
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| 起算する | to count from, (to begin) to run, running from |
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| 期日 | date (appointed by), appointed date, date fixed, due date (期限日) |
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| 期日を指定する | to designate a date (for) |
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| 技術 | technology, art |
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| 関連技術の説明 | related art statement |
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| 技術基準 | technical measure |
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| 技術供与 | licensing of technology |
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| 技術顧問 | technical adviser |
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| 技術進歩 | technical progress, advance in the art |
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| 技術サービス | technical service |
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| 公知技術 | known art |
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| 従来技術 | conventional art, state of the art |
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| 先行技術 | prior art |
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| 先行技術調査 | prior art search |
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| 技術説明 | technical explanation |
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| 技術提携契約を締結 | enter into technical collaboration agreement |
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| 技術秘訣 | know-how |
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| 技術分野 | technical field |
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| 技術評価書 | technical opinion |
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| 類似技術 | analogous art |
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| 当該技術分野において一般に受け入れられている | generally accepted in the art |
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| 技術用語 | technical term, technical language |
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| 技術予測 | technological forecasting →技術の、→先行技術、→技術水準 |
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| 技術の、技術的 | technical (工業の）, technological (科学技術の) |
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| 技術的改良 | technical improvement |
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| 技術的効果 | technical effect |
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| 技術的思想 | technical idea |
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| 技術的思想の創作 | the creation of technical ideas |
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| 技術的手段 | technical means |
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| 技術的背景 | technological background |
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| 技術的特徴 | technical character, technical features |
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| 技術的範囲 | technical scope (of the patented invention) |
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| 技術的問題の解決 | solution of a technical problem →技術、→実用新案技術評価書、→技術水準 |
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| 技術移転 | technology transfer |
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| 技術移転機構 | TLO (=Technology Licensing Organization)：大学などにおける研究成果の産業界への技術移転を促進する機関 →技術 |
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| 技術水準現時点の） | （state of the art（技術の現状、従来技術の状態）, technical level |
| 技術水準調査、先行技術調査 | state of the art search |
| 書面もしくは口頭、使用その他のあらゆる方法によって公衆に利用可能になったすべてのものは技術の水準を構成する The state of the art shall be held everything made available to the public by means of a written or oral description, by use, or in any other way (EPC 53-2）→技術、→先行技術 |
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| 技術評価書 | →実用新案技術評価書 |
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| 基準 | standard, criteria, basis |
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| 審査基準 | criteria for examination, examination standard |
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| 基準日 | critical date |
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| 偽証 | perjury |
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| 偽証罪 | offense of perjury |
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| 起訴 | indictment |
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| 起訴猶予 | to stay the prosecution |
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| 不起訴契約 | covenant-not-to-sue |
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| 主起訴理由 | principal count of indictment |
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| 規則 | rule(s), regulation(s) |
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| 施行規則 | rules of practice |
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| 特許出願に関する規則 | regulations for patent applications |
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| 規則に定める期間内に | within the time limit prescribed in the Regulations |
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| ６条に定める規則 | regulations pursuant to Article 6 |
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| 規則を守る | to obey [observe] rules, to conform to regulations |
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| 規則を破る | to go against [break, disobey, violate] the rules |
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| 基礎出願 | basic application →もとの、→原 |
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| 寄託 | deposition |
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| 特許生物寄託センターに微生物を寄託する | to deposit a microorganism at the International Organism Depository |
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| 寄託者 | depositor |
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| 寄託制度 | deposition system |
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| 微生物の寄託 | deposition of microorganism |
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| 微生物の国際寄託 | international deposit of microorganism |
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| ATCC に微生物を寄託した | a microorganism was deposited at the ATCC |
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| 容易に入手できない微生物を使用する発明では、微生物を寄託しなければならない In any invention using microorganisms not easily available, the applicant must deposit the microorganism |
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| もとの明細書に寄託番号または引受番号を加入 enter in the original specification the deposit number or acceptance number →特許生物寄託センター、→寄託機関、→ブタペスト条約、→ATCC |
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| 寄託機関 | depository, deposit authority →寄託、→特許生物寄託センター、→ATCC |
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| recognized depositoriesの例：ATCC (American Type Culture Collection), NRRL(Northern Regional Research laboratory), CBS(Central Bureau voor Shimmel-sulteres)など |
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| 規定 | provision, stipulation |
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| 規定する | provide, prescribe, stipulate, enumerate, set forth |
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| 38条の規定により | under [in accordance with] the provision of Article 38 |
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| １０条に規定されている行為 | acts referred to in Art. 10 |
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| この法律の規定により | under this Law |
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| 別段の規定がないときは | unless otherwise provided for, except where otherwise provided for |
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| 37条に規定された | set forth in Article 37, (as) referred to in Article 37 |
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| 規定の趣旨 | the intent of the provision |
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| 以下に規定する条件で | upon the terms and conditions set forth below |
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| 既得権 | vested right [interest], acquired righ |
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| 既得権益 | vested rights and interests |
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| 機能 | function |
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| 機能的記載 | functional expression [description] |
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| 機能を発揮する | to exhibit [play] the function of |
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| 品質保証機能 | function to guarantee the quality of goods |
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| 機能的表現または機能的記載とは、発明を具体的に特定した表現でなく、望ましい目的の見地から記載したものである A functional expression or description is one that describes the invention in terms of the end desired, rather than in concrete specific terms |
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| 機能的クレーム(発明の効果をもたらすべき具体的な構成を記載しておらず、機能を記載したクレーム) functional claim, functional claiming：クレーム文言を構造的にでなく機能に着目して表現した形式であって、例えばモータという代わりにmeans やstepを用いて、a means for generating powerと記載（この表現の方がモータよりカバー範囲が広い） |
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| 既判力 | res judicata (L.), the effect of excluding further litigation 確定判決は既判力を有する A judgement that has become irrevocable possesses the effect of excluding further litigation |
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| 忌避 | refusal, challenge |
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| 忌避する | to refuse |
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| 除斥または忌避 | to exclude or refuse (the trial examiner) |
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| 当事者がある審判官を忌避した | a party refused a trial examiner |
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| 忌避の申立 | motion for refusal |
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| 審判官の除斥、忌避 | exclusion or refusal of trial examiner →除斥 |
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| 基本 | basic, fundamental |
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| 基本手数料 | basic fee |
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| 基本特許 | basic [pioneer] patent（通常基本的な原理やパイオニア発明についての特許をいう） |
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| 基本発明 | basic invention, pioneer invention(先駆的発明) |
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| 基本クレーム（従属クレームが従属する先行クレーム） base claim |
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| 義務 | duty, obligation |
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| 注意義務 | duty of care |
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| 義務を果たす | to do oneﾕs duty, to fulfil one's obligations |
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| 義務不履行 | default |
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| 守秘義務 | duty of confidentiality [secrecy] |
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| 却下 | dismissal |
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| 却下する | to dismiss (a suit), to reject, to refuse, to turn down, to quash |
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| 審決却下 | dismissal by trial decision |
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| 一部却下 | partial dismissal |
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| 事件の却下 | dismissal of a case |
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| 補正を却下 | to dismiss the amendment |
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| 訴えを決定により却下した | The court dismissed the appeal by means of a ruling |
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| 不法な請求の却下 | dismissal of illegal demand →棄却 |
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| 救済 | remedy |
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| 救済を求める資格を有する当事者 | party entitled to resort to a remedy |
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| 休日 | holiday |
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| 法定休日 | legal holiday |
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| 連邦祭日 | （米）federal holiday：米国期限日は土曜、日曜、コロンビア特別区内における連邦祭日の場合、次の平日に手続。 |
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| （参）コロンビア特別区の米国祭日は、１月１日(New Year's Day)、１月の第３月曜日(Dr. Kings Birthday)、２月の第３月曜日(Washington's Birthday)、５月の最終月曜日(Memorial Day)、７月４日(Independence Day)、９月の第１月曜日(Labor Day)、10月の第２月曜日(Columbus Day)、11月11日(Veteran's Day)、11月の第４木曜日(Thanksgiving Day)、12月25日(Christmas Day) |
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| 休眠中の | dormant, sleeping |
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| 休眠中の出願 | dormant application：まだ審査請求がされていない出願 |
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| 休眠特許 | sleeping patent：出願され、あるいは権利化されたけれども活用されていない特許 |
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| 寄与侵害 | （米） contributory infringement：特許権侵害に寄与（幇助）する行為。部品など発明の要部にあたるものを侵害の認識をもって販売する行為、侵害の教唆など→侵害 |
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| 協議 | agreement, consultation |
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| 協議が整わない時には | if no agreement has been reached |
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| 協議不成立 | disagreement on consultation, agreement has not been reached |
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| 成立しなかった協議 | consultation not successfully concluded |
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| 協議命令 | directive[order] for consultation |
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| 特許権者と協議 | to consult with the patentee |
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| 本契約に基づく事業から侵害が発生した場合、契約当事者は取るべき措置について協議する in the event any infringement arises from the operation under this agreement, the parties hereto shall confer on what action shall be taken |
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| 競合品 | competitive device, competitive products |
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| 競合者 | competitor |
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| 教唆者（侵害を積極的に教唆する者） inducer |
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| 侵害教唆 | inducing infringement |
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| 教示 | teaching |
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| 教示する | teach |
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| この引例は〜の技術を教示する | the reference teaches a technology of |
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| 享受する | →享有する |
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| 供述 | statement |
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| 供述証拠 |
testimonial evidence |
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| 宣誓した上で供述 | statement under oath, affidavit |
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| 行政 | administration |
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| 行政事件 | administrative case |
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| 行政事件訴訟法 | Administrative Case Litigation Law |
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| 行政処分 | administrative disposition |
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| 行政訴訟 | administrative litigation |
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| 行政庁 | government authorities, administrative office, administrative agency |
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| 行政手続 | administrative procedure |
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| 行政単位 | administrative unit |
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| 行政裁量 | administrative discretion |
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| 行政上の救済 | administrative remedy |
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| 行政庁の過誤 | error on the part of any administrative agency →行政不服審査法 |
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| 行政不服審査法 | (日) Administrative (Complaint) Appeal Law：行政処分に係わる行政庁に対して不服申し立てをする手続を定めたもの |
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| 行政不服審査法に基づく異議申立 | objection under the Administrative Appeal Law |
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| 行政不服審査法の規定により特許庁に不服申立書を提出 to file a statement of dissatisfaction with the Patent Office under the provisions of the Administrative Appeal Law |
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| 強制実施権 | compulsory license |
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| 競争 | competition |
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| 競争相手 | competitor, rival |
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| 競争者、競合者 | competitor |
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| 競争条項 | competitive clause |
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| 不正競争防止法 | （日）Unfair Competition Prevention Law |
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| 共同 (の) | joint |
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| 共同出願 | joint application |
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| 共同出願人 | joint applicants, coapplicants |
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| 共同委員会（合同委員会） | joint committee |
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| 共同発明 | co-invention, joint invention, common invention |
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| 共同発明者 | co-inventors, joint inventors |
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| 共同使用商標 | joint use trademark |
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| 業として実施 | commercial working, working as a business |
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| 共謀 | conspiracy |
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| 単独または共謀して詐欺行為により特許を得る obtain a patent by a fraudulent act, alone or in conspiracy |
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| 業務 | business, transaction, activities, duty, service |
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| 業務規定 | business rule |
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| 業務上過失 | neglect of occupational duty |
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| 業務の停止 | suspension of business |
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| 業務記載（商標） | description of business |
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| 業務上の利益 | interest of business |
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| 業務に係る商品又は役務 | goods or services in connection with a person's business |
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| 進行中の業務 | work in progress |
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| （主たる）業務地 | (principal) place of business[office] |
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| 業務秘密 | business secret |
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| 業務品目 | a line of business |
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| 業務用の書類 | working documents |
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| 業務記録 | business record |
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| 業務上の信用 | business credit, business reputation |
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| 業務日 | business day |
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| 業務時間 | office hours →営業 |
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| 共有 | joint ownership, coownership, common ownership, joint possession |
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| 共有する | to jointly own, to coown |
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| 共有者 | joint owner, coowner, co-proprietor |
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| 共有権 | co-ownership right |
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| 共有財産 | common property |
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| 特許を得る権利が共有である場合、共有者全員が共同で出願しなければならない if the right to obtain patent is co-owned, all co-owners must file jointly →共同 |
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| 享有 | enjoyment |
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| 享有する | to enjoy、例：優先権の利益を享有 to enjoy the benefit of a priority |
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| 許可 | allowance |
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| （特許）許可通知 | （米）Notice of Allowance |
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| 外国出願許可証 | （米） license for [of] foreign filing |
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| 虚偽の | untrue, false |
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| 虚偽の申立 | false statement |
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| 虚偽表示 | false marking [indication] |
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| 虚偽広告 | false advertising |
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| 虚偽表示罪 | offense of false marking [indication] |
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| 挙証責任 | burden of proof (in infringement) |
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| 挙証責任の転換 | shifting the burden of proof |
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| 居住者 | resident |
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| 居住地 | residence |
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| 非居住者 | non-resident |
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| 拒絶 | rejection, refusal |
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| 拒絶する | to reject (an application) |
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| 記載不備による拒絶 | rejection based on an inappropriate description in the specification |
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| 最初の（最後の）拒絶 | first [final] Office Action →拒絶理由, →拒絶査定拒絶査定 decision of [for] final rejection, (notice of) final decision to reject, final decision for rejection, adverse decision |
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| 拒絶査定をする | to make [render] a decision of final rejection |
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| 拒絶査定に対する審判 | (to demand) an appeal trial against a decision of final rejection |
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| 拒絶査定に対して審判請求をした | An appeal trial was demanded against the Examiner's decision for rejection |
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| 拒絶査定を取消す | to overturn the examiner's final decision |
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| 応答しなければならない日の翌日に拒絶査定が確定 the final decision becomes finally binding on the day immediately following the day a reply was to be effected |
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| 拒絶査定をした審査官が当該出願を再審査する the examiner re-examines the application on which he issued the final rejection →審査前置 |
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| （参）最終拒絶（米。原則として審査官の２回目のrejection） final rejection →拒絶, →拒絶理由 |
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| 拒絶理由 | reasons for rejection, reasons to reject the application |
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| 拒絶理由通知書 | notice of reasons for rejection, notification of reasons for refusal, Office Action, OA, Official Letter |
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| 拒絶理由通知書を発行 | to issue an Office Action |
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| 拒絶理由通知書を起案 | to draft an Office Action |
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| 拒絶理由通知書の発送日 | mailing date of an Office Action |
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| 拒絶理由通知書に記載の拒絶理由は補正によって解消された the reasons for rejection specified in this Office Action were overcome by the amendment |
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| 拒絶理由通知を手交する | to hand over an Office Action |
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| まだ応答されていない拒絶理由通知 | outstanding Office Action |
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| 審査官は〜を引用した | In the Office Action, the Examiner cited ~ |
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| に記載した理由により拒絶すべきものと認める ruled to be rejected for the reasons given in →拒絶, →拒絶査定 |
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| 居所 | residence, dwelling place, dwelling address, place of abode; cf. 住所 domicile, address, legal residence(法定住所) →住所 |
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| 許諾 | agreement, permission |
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| 許諾実施権 | license by agreement |
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| 実施を許諾する | to grant permission to a person to work the patent invention |
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| 拒否 | veto, repudiation |
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| 記録 | record |
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| 記録原本(国際出願の正本) | record copy |
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| 記録官(登録係) | registrar, register, recorder, clerk |
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| 特許登録簿に記録する | to record in the patent register |
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| 近因 | proximate cause (=主因: dominant cause, producing cause); cf. remote cause（遠因） |
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| 禁止 | prohibition (against, on), a ban |
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| 契約期間中日本でその標章を使用することを禁じられる to be barred from using the mark in Japan for the duration of the agreement |
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| 禁止権 | prohibitive right |
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| 禁止事項 | prohibited matter |
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| 均等 | equivalency, equivalence |
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| 均等な | equivalent (to) |
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| 均等物 | equivalent |
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| 均等物との置換 | equivalent substitution →均等論 |
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| 均等論 | the doctrine of equivalents: 特許権の権利解釈で取り上げられる概念。実質的に同じ方法(way)で、実質的に同じ機能(function)を発揮し、全体的に実質的に同じ結果(result)を達成する場合に均等論に基づく侵害が認められる、とする |
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| 均等論による侵害 | infringement under the doctrine of equivalents; cf. literal infringement（文言上の侵害、文理解釈による侵害） |
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| 逆均等論 | reverse doctrine of equivalents（クレームの文言が不当に広い場合に適用され、クレームが縮小解釈されること） |
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| 禁反言 | estoppel（エストッペル：過去の記述などに反する主張をすることを禁止する原則） |
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| 包袋の禁反言（特許権の認定に関し、出願中の手続における主張と矛盾する主張を禁じる原則。出願中では発明を狭く主張し特許を取得した後、侵害訴訟において広く主張することは、衡平の原則に反する） file wrapper estoppel |
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| 出願経過禁反言 | prosecution history estoppel |
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