かカ
| 外縁的定義 | peripheral definition：クレーム自体において発明の外縁を明確に定義すること; cf.中心的定義 (central definition：クレームは発明の中心を記載するものであって、明細書及び図面の記載が本件発明である、とする説。現在は支持されていない） |
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| 外観 | appearance, face |
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| 外観類似（意匠・商標） | similarity in appearance |
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| 物品の外観 | appearance of an article |
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| 外観上明らかに適式 | apparently regular on its face |
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| 外国の | foreign |
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| 外国出願許可証 | （米） license for [of] foreign filing：米国出願した後米国以外の国に出願する場合に必要な米国特許商標庁長官の許可＝foreign filing authorization 対応外国公報foreign counterpart publication →対応 |
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| 外国語(特許)出願 | foreign language application (for patent), (patent) application in foreign language |
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| 外国人 | a foreigner（文書中）, alien（法律の条文中） |
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| 日本国内に住所又は居所を有しない外国人 | an alien who is neither domiciled nor resident in Japan |
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| 開示 | disclosure |
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| 開示不十分 | insufficient disclosure of the invention, incomplete disclosure, the invention is not disclosed adequately in the application |
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| 開示要求, 開示請求 | a request for disclosure |
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| 開示要件 | (米) disclosure requirement：米国出願の明細書が備えるべき要件（description requirement, enablement requirement及びbest mode requirement） |
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| 固有の開示 | inherent disclosure：明文で開示されていなくても開示内容から自明の事項。則ち補正可能な範囲 |
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| 会社 | corporation（米国で使う）, company（英国では会社の意味ではcompanyを用いる。英国でcorporationを使用する場合、company よりも広く法人を意味することが多い 例corporation for profit 営利法人） |
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| 会社法 | （米）corporation law,（英）company law |
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| 会社更生法 | （日） Corporate Reorganization Law |
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| 解釈 | interpretation |
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| 解釈条項 | interpretation clause |
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| 最初の10年の期間と解釈 | construed to be the period of the first 10 years |
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| これは彼についても適用されると解釈される | interpreted as applying to him, too |
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| 本協定書の構成、効力、解釈および履行は、日本法に準拠する The formation, validity, construction and performance of this agreement shall be governed by the laws of Japan |
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| 海賊版 | piracy copy, pirated edition |
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| 回答 | reply, answer, response |
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| 回答期間の延長 | extension of the term for reply |
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| 回答者 | respondent →応答 |
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| 該当する | to fall [come] under |
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| 29条の2に該当する | to fall under Article 29-bis |
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| 解任 | dismissal, removal |
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| 解任する | to dismiss (a representative for), to remove from office (in a proceeding) |
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| 解任届 | notification of dismissal (of a representative) |
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| 回避 | avoidance, avoiding |
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| A審判官を回避する | to avoid Mr. A, a trial examiner |
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| 回復 | revival, restoration, reinstatement |
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| 回復する | to reinstate, to restore |
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| 審査段階では拒絶されたが審判段階で回復 the application was rejected by the Examiner but was restored at the trial stage |
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| 特許を回復させる | to reinstate a patent |
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| 概略 | schematic |
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| 概略図 | schematic diagram, schematic illustration |
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| 部分概略断面図 | partially schematic section →模式的 |
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| 改良 | improvement |
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| 改良する | to improve |
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| 改良発明 | improvement invention |
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| 改良発明特許 | improvement patent |
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| 改良特許 | patent of improvement |
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| 回路 | circuit |
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| 回路図 | circuit diagram |
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| 回路配置利用権 | (日) circuit layout right：半導体集積回路法により認められる権利。設定登録の日から10年の存続期間 |
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| 加害者 | person who caused damage |
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| 科学 | science |
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| 科学技術 | science and technology, scientific technology |
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| 科学的発見 | scientific discovery |
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| 科学法則 | scientific principle |
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| 化学 | chemistry |
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| 化学物質 | chemical substance |
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| 学会 | academic society |
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| 物理学会 | physical society |
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| 学会に出席する | to attend a meeting of an academic society |
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| 国際的な学会（の会議） | international academic meeting |
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| 学術 | academic, scientific |
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| 学術団体 | academic society |
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| 学術用語 | scientific terms |
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| 学術情報 | academic information |
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| 学術文献 | academic documents |
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| 確信（「疑っている状態」と「知っている状態」の中間をいう） belief |
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| 確信させる | to convince |
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| 確信させるに足る証拠 | convincing proof |
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| 拡大(した) | enlarged |
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| 拡大箇所 | enlarged part |
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| 拡大図 | enlarged view |
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| 拡大断面図 | enlarged sectional view |
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| 拡大 | enlargement |
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| クレームを拡大する補正 | amendment to enlarge the scope of claims →拡張 |
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| 拡張 | enlargement, broadening; cf. to restrict a claim（減縮） |
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| クレームを拡張する | to enlarge a claim |
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| 補正は発明の範囲を拡張するという理由で拒絶 rejected on the ground that the amendment broadens the scope of the invention →拡大 |
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| 確定 | final, definite, fixed, firm, definitive |
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| 確定する | to become final and conclusive, to become irrevocable, to become irrevocably conclusive, to finally establish, to become finally binding |
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| 拒絶が確定した | the rejection has become irrevocable, the decision for rejection has become finally binding |
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| 確定していない | the rejection has not been binding[conclusive] |
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| 確定審決 [判決] | final and conclusive [binding] trial decision [judgement], irrevocable decision udgement] |
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| 確定日 | fixed date, incontrovertible date, date when the procedure is established |
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| 確約 | warranty, warranties |
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| 過誤によって | through error, by mistake |
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| 過誤による送達 | the document was served in error |
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| 行政上の過誤 | administrative error (of the PO), error on the part of any administrative agency |
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| 過誤納 | paid in excess by mistake |
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| 瑕疵 | defect (傷、欠陥), error（過誤、誤記）、deficiency(欠落), fault |
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| 瑕疵を補完する | to remedy the defect |
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| 方式上の瑕疵 | defect of form |
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| 形式的な瑕疵 | formal defect |
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| 手続上の瑕疵 | procedural defect |
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| 隠れている瑕疵 | hidden defects, latent defects |
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| 過失 | negligence, fault, default |
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| 過失により | negligently |
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| 故意または過失により侵害 | intentionally or negligently infringe a patent right |
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| 過失の推定 | presumption of negligence |
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| 重過失 | gross negligence |
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| 通常過失 | ordinary negligence |
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| 軽過失 | slight negligence |
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| 無過失賠償責任 | liability without negligence |
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| 不注意または過失 | neglect or default |
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| 過失致死 | negligent homicide |
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| 過失相殺(=比較過失: 両当事者の過失の軽重を計り、過失の少ない方の当事者に損害賠償金を与える、とするもの） comparative negligence |
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| 寄与過失(損害の発生に寄与した被害者自身の過失) contributory negligence |
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| 貸渡 | lease |
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| 課題 | problem, task |
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| 解決すべき課題 | problem to be solved (by the invention) |
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| 課題を解決する手段 | means for solving the problem |
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| 価値 | value, worth, merit |
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| 実用的価値 | utilitarian value |
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| 使用価値 | value in use |
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| 証拠の価値 | weight of evidence |
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| 無価値な特許 | worthless patent |
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| 新規事項に発明的価値がある場合 | if the new matter has inventive merit |
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| 特許に値する十分に高い発明レベル | a high enough level of inventiveness to merit patent |
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| 過程 | course, process |
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| 訴訟過程 | course of action |
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| 履行の過程 | course of performance →経過 |
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| 過渡の (過渡期の) | transitional |
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| 過渡期間 | transitional period |
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| 合併 | merger (of firms), consolidation (of trials) |
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| 紙公報 | paper publication, official gazette in paper →電子公報 |
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| 紙出願 | application in paper →電子出願 |
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| 加盟国 | member state, signatory state |
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| からなる （のみからなるというニュアンスをもつ） |
to consist (of) |
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| 本質的に〜からなる | to consist essentially of |
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| A、B及びCからなる群より選ばれた | selected from the group consisting of A, B and C →ふくむ, →オープンランゲージ(クローズドランゲージ) |
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| 仮の | provisional, tentative, temporary, interim |
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| 仮差押 | provisional seizure, provisional injunction |
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| 仮登録 | provisional registration |
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| 仮救済 | temporary relief |
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| 仮差止命令(米。暫定的差止命令：最終的な判決が出るまでの仮の処分) temporary injunction →仮出願、→仮処分、→仮保護 |
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| 仮出願 | (US他) provisional application |
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| （参）米国の仮出願は、出願後１年以内に優先権を主張して正規の米国出願をすることにより仮出願日の出願日の効果が享受できる。仮出願は、クレームや発明者宣誓書、情報開示が不要。日本語の出願書類でも可（37CFR1.52d） |
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| 仮処分 | provisional injunction, interim [interlocutory, temporary] injunction |
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| 不法な製造に対して仮処分を認めた | The court granted a provisional injunction against the unauthorized manufacture |
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| 仮処分命令 | provisional disposition order |
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| 仮保護 | provisional [temporary] protection |
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| 仮保護の権利 | provisional protection right |
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| 過料 | administrative penalty, non-penal fine |
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| 管轄 | jurisdiction |
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| 管轄違い | jurisdictional incompetence, error of jurisdiction |
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| 管轄国際調査機関 | competent International Searching Authority |
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| 管轄国際予備審査機関 | competent International Preliminary Examining Authority |
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| 管轄受理官庁 | competent receiving office |
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| 管轄裁判所 | court of jurisdiction |
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| その事件を管轄する裁判所 | the court exercising jurisdiction over the case |
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| 関係の | concerned (関係する), applicable (関係の、適用可能な), interested (関係のある) |
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| 関係官庁 | administration concerned |
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| 関係国 | the countries concerned |
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| 関係当事者の同意を得て | with the consent of the parties concerned |
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| 関係者の利益のため訴える | to sue for the benefit of whom it may be concerned |
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| 関係者すべてに閲覧 | open for inspection by all persons concerned |
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| 関係法令（適用法令） | applicable laws and regulations |
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| 利害関係人 | interested person |
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| 関係団体 | interested organization |
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| 関係(当事)者 | interested party, parties involved, person interested |
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| 関係当事者の請求により | upon request of a party concerned |
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| 刊行物 | (printed) publication, printed matter |
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| 刊行物等提出書 | information statement, presentation of publications and the like, submission of information |
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| 刊行物記載 | disclosed [disclosure] in a publication |
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| 定期刊行物 | periodical publication |
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| 先行刊行物 | prior printed publication |
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| 勧告 | recommendation |
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| 勧告に従う | follow an advice |
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| 監視する | monitor, watch |
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| 出願の進展を監視 | to watch the progress of the application |
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| 慣習法 | customary law →制定法 |
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| 関税 | customs duty |
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| 関税定率法 | （日）Customs Tariff Law |
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| 願書 | (application) request |
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| 特許出願の願書と明細書 | request and a specification for a patent application |
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| 願書様式 | request form |
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| 訂正願書 | corrected request |
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| 願書を提出する | to submit an application request (to the Patent Office) |
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| 願書に最初に添付した | (specification or drawings) originally attached to the (application) request |
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| 完成品 | （意）finished product |
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| 間接侵害 | indirect infringement →寄与侵害 |
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| 間接的な | indirect |
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| 間接的または派生的な損害 | indirect or consequential damage |
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| 間接証拠 | indirect evidence, circumstantial evidence(状況証拠) |
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| 官庁 | government office, office |
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| 官庁用語 | official terminology [jargon], officialese（回りくどい官庁語） |
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| 官印 | official seal |
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| 地方官庁 | local authority |
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| 官庁の要請に従う | meet the official demands |
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| 鑑定 | judgement, appraisal, expert opinion |
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| 鑑定書 | expert opinion (on), written opinion, expert testimony |
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| 弁護士の鑑定書 | （米国特許において故意侵害を避けるため=legal opinion） |
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| 鑑定人(専門家証人) | appraiser, expert witness |
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| 鑑定人(専門家でない, 一般の) | lay witness |
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| 鑑定してもらう | to obtain an expert opinion, to have an expert look at |
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| 生じうる侵害問題について鑑定書を作成する | to produce an expert opinion on a potential infringement issue |
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| 観念類似 | similarity in concept →類似 |
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| 還付 | refund, restitution, reimbursement |
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| 超過額を還付する | The exceeding amount is reimbursed |
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| 官報 | Official Gazette, official journal |
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| 判決を官報に公示しなければならない | Such judgement should be published in the Official Gazett |
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| 慣用 | common use |
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| 慣用の | conventional |
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| 慣用技術 | ordinary skill, conventional art, commonly used art, conventional technology(従来技術) |
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| 慣用商標 | commonly used trademark |
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| 上記慣用技術の単なる適用にすぎない | nothing but a mere application of the mentioned common art to |
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| 管理の | administrative |
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| 管理理事会 | administrative council |
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| 管理規定 | administrative provision |
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| 管理業務 | administrative task |
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| 管理人 | administrator |
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| 特許の管理人を指定 | to appoint an administrator for the patent [a patent administrator] |
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| 関連 | relevance（争点などとの）関連(性) |
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| 関連する | related, pertinent, relevant, relative |
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| 関連出願 | elated application |
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| 関連発明 | related invention, invention relating to |
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| 関連意匠 | related design |
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| 関連技術の説明 | related art statement |
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| 関連行政機関 | related administrative organ |
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| 関連性のある | pertinent, relevant |
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| 関連性のある文献 | pertinent publication |
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| 関連技術 | pertinent art |
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| 関連する先行技術 | relevant prior art |
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| 関連がない | to have no relevance, irrelevant |
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| 関連出願の相互参照 | Cross-Reference to Related Applications：米国特許の「発明の名称」の項目の次に記載され、最先の有効米国出願日があるときは、それに至る一連の親出願の特定と、各親と子出願の関係が記載されている |
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| 関連会社 | affiliate, affiliated company, associated company cf. 子会社 subsidiary (company) |
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