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| 経過 | process, development, lapse, course, progress, history |
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| 経過措置 | transitional measures |
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| 経過規定 | transitional provisions |
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| 経過的特例 | interim exceptions |
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| 期間の経過 | lapse of period |
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| １０年次年金納付期間が経過した | period for the payment of the tenth annuity has lapsed |
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| 方式事項を除く本出願の実質的な経過 | The substantial history excluding formality matters of the present application |
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| 出願経過 | prosecution history of an application →進展 |
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| 経験則 | empirical rules |
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| 経験的に判明していた | it has empirically been determined that |
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| 軽減 | mitigation, reduction |
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| 手数料の軽減 | reduction of fees |
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| 軽減事由 | mitigating circumstances [reasons] |
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| 警告 | warning |
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| 警告状 | warning letter |
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| 警告する | to warn |
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| 侵害者に内容証明郵便で警告状を送る | to send the infringer a warning letter by contents-certified mail |
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| 上記の理由により私はこの警告状をもって、貴殿が直ちに上記侵害行為を停止すべきことを、厳しく警告いたします(警告状中の文例) For the reason given above, I strictly warn you with the present writing that you should immediately discontinue said infringing act |
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| 掲載 | publication |
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| 新聞上の掲載に代えて | in substitution for the publication in a newspaper |
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| 形式 | formal |
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| 形式的要件 | formal requirements |
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| 形式審査 | formal examination |
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| 形式的欠陥の除去 | removal of formal defects →方式 |
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| 刑事上の | criminal |
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| 刑事訴訟 | criminal action |
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| 刑法 | criminal code [law] |
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| 刑事訴訟法 | code of criminal procedure |
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| 刑事訴訟手続 | criminal proceedings |
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| 刑事訴追 | criminal prosecution |
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| 係争 | dispute |
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| 係争(対象)物 | subject matter (in dispute, in case, at issue) |
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| 係争特許 | litigious patent |
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| 係属 | pendency |
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| 係属する | to be pending |
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| 事件の係属中に | during the pendency of the case (before the P. O.), while the case is pending (before the court) |
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| 係属中の出願 | pending application |
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| 審査官は本件について決定しておらず、審査係属中 The Examiner has not decided on the case and the case is pending with the Examiner |
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| 特許庁に係属 | to be pending before [at] the P.O. |
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| 審査に係属中 | to be pending with the examination |
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| 審判に係属 | to be pending at the Trial Board |
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| 係属中の件 | pending case |
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| 刑法 | criminal law, penal code |
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| 契約 | contract, agreement |
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| 契約書 | agreement, contract, deed of contract, covenant, deed |
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| 本契約の履行 | execution of this agreement |
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| 譲渡契約 | contract to assign |
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| 不起訴契約 | covenant-not-to-sue |
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| 契約解除 | cancellation of a contract |
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| 実施契約 | license agreement |
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| 包括的実施契約 | package license |
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| と契約を結ぶ | to arrive at an agreement with |
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| 契約対象製品 | licensed product |
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| 契約書の修正、変更または訂正 | modification, change or amendment of this Agreement |
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| 契約対象特許 | licensed patent |
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| (契約）地域 | territory： 契約対象製品に関して契約地域で in the territory with respect to the licensed product |
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| 本契約を実効あらしめるために | to carry this agreement into full effect |
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| 契約で別段の定めがなければ | unless otherwise provided for by contract |
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| 実施権契約は公開される | a license agreement is made public |
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| 第三者は実施権契約の条件、例えば実施料、期間などを知ることができる third parties may have access to the terms of a license agreement such as royalty rates, period, etc. |
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| 代理店契約 | agency agreement |
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| 販売店契約（書） | distributorship agreement |
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| 計量法 | Measurement Law |
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| 結合商標 | composite trademark |
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| 結審 | closing of an appeal (trial) examination |
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| 欠如 | want, lack |
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| 新規性の欠如 | want of novelty, lack of novelty |
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| 発明性に欠ける（欠如） | want of inventiveness |
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| 決定 | decision, ruling |
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| 決定する | to render [make] a decision (that the application is to be granted) |
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| 決定の根拠 | grounds for decision |
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| 理由がないと決定される | (the opposition is ) ruled groundless |
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| 特許権者を是とする裁判所の決定 | court's ruling in favor of the patentee |
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| 暫定的決定 | preliminary ruling |
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| その決定が確定した時 | when the decision has become fully binding |
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| 決定を下す | render a decision, pass a decision |
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| 欠点 | disadvantage, drawback |
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| 欠落 | omission、lack（欠如）, want（脱漏） |
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| 出願における欠落を修正 | to rectify an omission from the application |
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| 欠落図面 | missing drawing |
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| 件 | case→事件 |
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| 受任している件 | case in one's charge |
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| 本件 | the case, case in question |
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| 件名番号、ケースナンバー | case number |
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| 審判中の件 | case under trial |
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| 原（最初の、もとの） | original |
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| 原出願人（出願時の出願人） | original applicant |
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| 原出願（最初の出願） | original application |
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| 原本 | original copy [text] |
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| 原語 | original language |
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| 原審 | original decision [instance] |
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| 原クレーム（出願当初のクレーム） | original claim |
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| 原因 | cause, causation(因果関係) |
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| 除斥原因 | cause for exclusion |
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| 訴訟原因、訴因 | cause of action |
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| 事実的因果関係 | causation in fact |
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| 見解 | an opinion, a view |
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| 特許庁の見解は | The Patent Office view is that |
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| 見解を異にする | have a different opinion from, disagree with |
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| 見解がまちまち | opinion is divided on this issue |
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| 権限 | power (s), competence |
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| 権限を与える | to authorize, to commission to do |
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| 権限を越える | to exceed one's competence [powers, authority] |
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| 当事者を審判に呼ぶ権限 | to have authority to call the parties to the trial |
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| （弁理士は）特許庁で手続をする権限をもつ | authorized to take procedures at the Patent Office |
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| 当事者それぞれの権限のある役員または代表者が署名 signed by authorized officer or representative of each of the parties |
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| 第１項の規定により与えられた権限 | power given by Paragraph (1) |
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| 現行法 | existing law |
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| 原告 | plaintiff, appellant（二審以上、控訴人、上告人）; cf. 被告 defendant, appellee |
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| 原告側 | party to the suit |
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| 原告の主張は理由がない | the plaintiff's assertion is quite groundless (as described below) |
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| 検索 | retrieval, search |
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| 検索する | to retrieve, to conduct a search for |
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| 特許情報検索 | patent information retrieval |
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| 対応する出願の英文抄録を日本特許庁のホームページで検索する to retrieve an English abstract of the corresponding application through the JPO web-site |
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| 法律検索 | legal research |
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| 機械検索 | mechanical search→調査、→特許電子図書館、→パトリス、→WPI |
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| 原産地 | source of origin, origin source |
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| 原産国 | country of origin |
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| 原産地名称 | appellation of origin |
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| 原産地表示 | indication of source |
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| 製品の原産地 | source of the product |
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| 原子の | atomic |
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| 原子力発明 | atomic energy invention |
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| 原子核変換の方法 | method of transformation of atomic nuclei |
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| 減縮 | restriction |
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| (クレームを)減縮する | to restrict (the claim) |
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| (クレームの) 限定的減縮 | restriction (of the claim) by limitation |
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| 現状 | status |
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| 現状調査 | status search |
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| 出願の現状をデータベースで検索する | to retrieve the status of an application by a database |
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| コンピュータ調査で現状をチェックする | to conduct a computer search to check the present status →特許電子図書館、→パトリス原出願 original (parent) application |
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| 原審 | original decision [instance] |
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| 原審維持 | the original decision is maintained [supported] |
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| 原審取消 | original decision is reversed [canceled] →もとの、→原 |
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| 原則 | principle |
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| 特許独立の原則 | principle of independence of patents |
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| 内国民待遇の原則 | national treatment principle |
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| 裁判の原則 | principle of justice |
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| 合理性の原則 | rule of reason |
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| 顕著な | conspicuous, remarkable, marked, prominent |
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| 顕著な効果 | prominent effect |
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| 顕著な事実 | obvious facts |
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| 顕著性 | distinctiveness |
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| 使用による顕著性 | distinctiveness through use, acquired distinctiveness |
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| 永年の使用により顕著性を獲得 | to acquire distinctiveness by being used over a long period of time →識別力 |
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| 限定 | limitation, restriction |
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| 限定する | to limit (the claim) |
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| 限定的 | limitative |
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| 限定的列挙 | limitative listing (of the reasons for rejection) |
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| 限定的減縮 | restriction (of the claim) by limitation |
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| 限定要求 | restriction requirement(米)：二つ以上の独立した発明が一つの出願中に含まれていると審査官が認めた場合、一つの発明グループを選択するよう審査官が要求すること(37CFR 1.142) |
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| 検討する | examine, study, investigate, review |
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| 拒絶理由通知及びその応答書面を検討 | to review the Office Action and the applicantﾕs reply thereto |
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| 現場検証する | to make inspection on the sport |
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| 原文 | original text, source text, original (翻訳の基となった原文) |
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| (クレーム)を原文で読む | to read (the claim) in the original |
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| 原簿 | register, ledger |
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| 特許原簿 | patent ledger [ register] |
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| 登録原簿 | registration ledger [ register] |
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| 特許原簿には、実施権の期間や地域などの情報が含まれる The patent register contains information on the term, area and so on of a license →登録 |
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| 原典、原著 | original work |
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| 原本 | original, original copy [text] |
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| 原本と同一であることが認証 | to be certified to be identical with the original |
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| 英語による原本一通が作成された | established in a single original in the English language |
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| 原本照合 | collation |
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| 上記は原本の正確な写しであることを証明する This is to certify that the above is an authentic copy of the original |
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| 権利 | right, title |
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| 権利移転の登録 | registration of transfer of a right |
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| 権利義務 | rights and duties, claims and obligations |
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| 権利の行使 | exercise of right |
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| 権利の侵害 | infringement (on a patent right) |
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| 権利承継 | succession in title |
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| その発明について特許を得る権利を承継 | to succeed to the right to obtain a patent on the invention |
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| 権利の溯及効 | retroactive effect of a right |
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| 権利能力 | legal capacity |
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| 権利能力のある | legally capable, competent |
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| 権利の剥奪 | deprivation of a right |
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| 権利変動 | change of title, change of ownership |
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| 権利を付与する | vest a right in [with] a person |
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| 権利の濫用 | abuse of a right/特許を受ける権利 right to a patent, right to obtain a patent |
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| 権利の変遷（を示すリスト） | chain of title |
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| 既得権 | acquired right |
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| 第三者の権利 | right belonging to a third person |
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| 権利の内容につき利害関係人にたいしてなされる指示 instructions given to interested parties on their rights |
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| 特許に基づく権利 | right driving from the patent |
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| 権利者 | right holder, person entitled, claimant, owner（所有者）、patentee（特許権者） |
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| 前権利者 | predecessor in title |
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